Classic Baby Names
1637 Classic names with meanings, U.S. popularity, and audio pronunciation on every page.
Explore 1637 baby names with a classic feel. Every name links to a full page with its sourced meaning, origin, popularity chart, famous bearers, and a clear audio pronunciation. Names are listed most-popular first.
Classic Girl Names
Gabrielle#633 in the U.S.French feminine form of Gabriel, from the Hebrew Gavri'el (גַּבְרִיאֵל), meaning 'God is my strKatie#646 in the U.S.Diminutive of Katherine, from Greek Aikaterine, possibly from katharos meaning pure or clear; tRosa#653 in the U.S.From Latin rosa meaning the rose flower; used across Romance languages as the feminine given naMiranda#656 in the U.S.From Latin mirandus, gerundive of mirari meaning to wonder at or to admire; literally meaning sBriana#661 in the U.S.Feminine form of Brian, from Celtic brig or brigh meaning high, noble, or strength; Brian was tIsabela#664 in the U.S.Spanish and Portuguese form of Isabel, itself a variant of Elizabeth, from Hebrew Elisheba meanJessica#665 in the U.S.Likely coined or popularized by Shakespeare in The Merchant of Venice (c. 1596) from Hebrew YisJenna#679 in the U.S.Diminutive form of Jennifer or an independent form from the Cornish and Welsh Guinevere or GwenGeorgina#689 in the U.S.Farmer; earth-worker; feminine form of George, from Greek georgos (farmer)Lara#693 in the U.S.Protection; from the Roman Lares (protective household gods), or as a Russian diminutive of LarLouisa#697 in the U.S.Renowned warrior; Latinate feminine form of Louis, from Old High German Hlutwig combining hlut Robin#704 in the U.S.Medieval diminutive of Robert, from Old French Robin, itself from Old High German Hrodebert meaAngelica#708 in the U.S.From the Latin angelicus meaning 'angelic,' derived from Greek angelos (ἄγγελος) meaning 'messeLeslie#712 in the U.S.From a Scottish place name, possibly from Gaelic lios (garden, enclosure) and cuilinn (holly), Martha#713 in the U.S.From Aramaic marta (מַרְתָּא), the feminine form of mar meaning 'lord' or 'master,' hence 'ladyBridget#724 in the U.S.Anglicized form of the Irish Gaelic Bríd or Brighid, from the Old Irish Brigit, possibly meaninTheodora#726 in the U.S.From Greek Theodora (Θεοδώρα), the feminine form of Theodore, from theos (god) + doron (gift), Kathryn#729 in the U.S.English spelling variant of Katherine, from the Greek Aikaterine (Αἰκατερίνη), possibly from thAbby#731 in the U.S.Short form of Abigail, from the Hebrew Avigayil (אֲבִיגַיִל), meaning 'my father is joyful' or Monica#737 in the U.S.Of uncertain origin; possibly from the Latin moneo (to advise, to warn) or from a North AfricanLacey#738 in the U.S.From the Norman French surname de Laci, from a place called Lassy or Laci in Normandy; brought Adele#751 in the U.S.Noble; from the Old High German element adal meaning noble or of noble birthElina#764 in the U.S.Bright, shining one or torch of light; a Finnish and Scandinavian form of Helena, from the GreeChristina#770 in the U.S.Follower of Christ or Christian woman; the Latin feminine form of Christianus, meaning anointedCelia#774 in the U.S.Heaven or sky; a feminine form derived from the Roman family name Caelius, from the Latin caeluPaulina#784 in the U.S.Small or humble; the Latinate feminine form of Paul, from Latin Paulus meaning small or humble,Judith#790 in the U.S.Woman of Judea or she will be praised; from the Hebrew Yehudit, the feminine form of Yehudah meAileen#799 in the U.S.Bright or shining light; the Irish and Scottish Gaelic form of Helen or Eileen, from the Greek Karla#803 in the U.S.Free woman or free person; a feminine form of Karl or Carlos, from Old High German Karl meaningKayleigh#804 in the U.S.Graceful and beautiful; from the Irish Gaelic Cadhla meaning beautiful or graceful, with the -lJulietta#819 in the U.S.Italian and Spanish elaboration of Juliet, itself a diminutive of Julia, from the Roman family Amelie#828 in the U.S.French form of Amelia, derived from the Old High German Amal or Amali, the name of a noble GermKyra#830 in the U.S.Feminine form of Cyrus, from Old Persian Kourosh meaning 'throne' or 'sun', borne by Cyrus the Erin#833 in the U.S.From the Irish Gaelic Eirinn, the dative form of Eire (Ireland), used as a poetic name for the Luz#839 in the U.S.Spanish name from the Latin lux (light), used as a Marian name in honor of Our Lady of Light (NMichaela#843 in the U.S.Feminine form of Michael, from the Hebrew Mikha'el meaning 'who is like God?' — a rhetorical quMagdalena#850 in the U.S.Feminine form of Magdalene, from the Greek Magdalene meaning 'woman of Magdala', where Magdala Kelly#852 in the U.S.Anglicized form of the Irish Gaelic surname O'Ceallaigh, from ceallach meaning 'bright-headed',Paula#855 in the U.S.Feminine form of the Roman family name Paulus, from the Latin paulus meaning 'small' or 'humbleJamie#858 in the U.S.Scottish and English pet form of James (or its feminine counterpart), from the Hebrew Yaakov meEleanora#865 in the U.S.An elaborated form of Eleanor, which derives from the Provencal Alienor, possibly meaning 'the Jemma#866 in the U.S.Variant of Gemma, from the Italian and Latin gemma meaning 'precious stone' or 'gemstone'; alsoJohanna#871 in the U.S.Feminine form of Johannes (Latin form of John), from the Hebrew Yochanan meaning 'God is gracioAdrianna#872 in the U.S.Feminine form of Adrian, from the Latin Hadrianus, meaning 'from Hadria' — an ancient city nearJulie#873 in the U.S.French feminine form of Julius, from the Roman family name Iulius, possibly from the Greek ioulGiovanna#878 in the U.S.Italian feminine form of Giovanni, which is the Italian form of John, ultimately from Hebrew YoEmi#882 in the U.S.In Japanese, Emi can be written with characters meaning beautiful blessing (e: blessing, mi: beRebekah#884 in the U.S.From Hebrew Rivkah, possibly connected to a root meaning to tie, bind, or ensnare; traditionallMegan#889 in the U.S.Welsh diminutive of Margaret, from Latin Margarita and Greek Margarites meaning pearl; the WelsMariel#893 in the U.S.Dutch and German diminutive of Maria, itself from Hebrew Miryam; the meaning of Mary is debatedLuisa#903 in the U.S.Spanish and Italian feminine form of Luis (Louis), from Old High German Hludwig, composed of hlNataly#907 in the U.S.Variant spelling of Natalie, from Latin natalis meaning of birth, of the birthday; specificallyGreta#908 in the U.S.German and Scandinavian short form of Margareta/Margaret, from Greek Margarites meaning pearl; Giuliana#915 in the U.S.Italian feminine form of Giuliano (Julian), from Latin Julianus, derived from Julius — the greaElyse#918 in the U.S.French short form of Elisabeth (Elizabeth), from Hebrew Elisheba meaning my God is an oath or pGiana#921 in the U.S.Italian short form of Giovanna (the Italian feminine form of John/Giovanni), ultimately from HeClare#924 in the U.S.From Latin Clara/Clarus meaning bright, clear, famous, or illustrious; Clare is the medieval EnElisabeth#925 in the U.S.From Hebrew Elisheba, composed of El (God) and sheba (oath, promise, or seven, suggesting fullnMariella#943 in the U.S.Italian diminutive of Maria, itself from Hebrew Miriam, meaning beloved, wished-for child, or pJianna#973 in the U.S.Variant of Gianna, the Italian feminine form of Giovanni (John), from Hebrew Yochanan meaning YLisa#991 in the U.S.Short form of Elisabeth or Elisa, from Hebrew Elisheba meaning my God is an oath, or my God is Carly#1009 in the U.S.Free woman; diminutive of Carla, feminine of Carl/Charles, from Germanic karl (free man)Cynthia#1014 in the U.S.From Mount Cynthus on the island of Delos; a poetic epithet of the goddess Artemis (Diana), whoMarjorie#1019 in the U.S.Pearl; medieval English form of Margaret, from Greek margarites (pearl)Dana#1027 in the U.S.God is my judge; from Hebrew Dan (judge) as a feminine form; also an English place-name from OlAlexa#1029 in the U.S.Defender of men; feminine form of Alexander, from Greek alexein (to defend) + aner/andros (man)Alexia#1040 in the U.S.Defender of men; feminine form of Alexios, from Greek alexein (to defend) + aner/andros (man)Lorraine#1044 in the U.S.From Lorraine, the land of Lothar's peopleRosalyn#1051 in the U.S.Beautiful rose; English form of Rosalind, influenced by rosa (rose) though the Germanic root isMelani#1056 in the U.S.Dark or black; a spelling variant of Melanie, from Greek melania (darkness, blackness), from meEllen#1062 in the U.S.Bright, shining; an English form of Helen, from Greek helene (possibly related to helios, sun)Casey#1065 in the U.S.Vigilant, watchful; from Irish Gaelic Cathasach (watchful, vigilant)Annelise#1072 in the U.S.Grace plus God's oath; gracious and devoted to GodHarriet#1073 in the U.S.Home ruler; an English feminine form of Harry/Henry, from Germanic Heimirich (heim: home + ric:Kara#1075 in the U.S.Dear, beloved; from Italian cara (dear, beloved)Ann#1076 in the U.S.Grace, favor; English form of Anne/Anna, from Latin Anna, from Hebrew Hannah (grace, favor)Katelyn#1077 in the U.S.Pure; American spelling variant of Caitlin, the Irish form of Catherine, from Greek AikaterineCarla#1083 in the U.S.Free woman; Italian/Spanish feminine form of Carlo/Carlos, from Germanic karl (free man)Ira#1086 in the U.S.Watchful, attentive, full of observationSusan#1091 in the U.S.Lily; from Hebrew Shoshannah (lily, rose), via Greek Sousanna and Latin SusannaRenee#1099 in the U.S.Reborn; French feminine form of René, from Latin renatus (born again)Marian#1103 in the U.S.Beloved; a blend of Mary (Hebrew Miriam: beloved, bitter, wished-for) and Ann (Hebrew Hannah: gInes#1111 in the U.S.Pure, chaste, holyBetty#1113 in the U.S.Pledged to God; English pet form of Elizabeth, from Hebrew Elisheba (my God is an oath / my GodClarissa#1114 in the U.S.Bright, clear, famous; Latinate form of Clara or Clarice, from Latin clarus (clear, bright, famIda#1120 in the U.S.Work, labor; from Germanic id (work, labor); also a name from Greek mythology, from Mount Ida iIngrid#1121 in the U.S.Beautiful; from Old Norse Ingridr, composed of Ing (Norse fertility god) + fridr (beautiful, beRaquel#1123 in the U.S.Ewe (female sheep); Spanish and Portuguese form of Rachel, from Hebrew rakhel (ewe)Lucie#1130 in the U.S.Light, illuminationAllyson#1139 in the U.S.Noble kind; variant of Allison, from Alice (Germanic Adalheidis: adal noble + heid kind/type)Natasha#1148 in the U.S.Born on Christmas Day; Russian diminutive of Natalia, from Latin natalis (relating to birth, spAdela#1151 in the U.S.Noble; from Germanic adal (noble), short form of names like Adelaide or AdelheidKathleen#1156 in the U.S.Pure; Irish anglicization of Caitlín, the Irish form of Katherine, from Greek AikaterineSusanna#1181 in the U.S.Lily flower, graceful as a lilySandra#1210 in the U.S.Defender of men; short form of Alexandra/Alessandra, from Greek alexein (to defend) + aner (manCarolyn#1222 in the U.S.Free woman; English form of Caroline, feminine of Carolus (Charles), from Germanic karl (free m
Classic Boy Names
Nathanael#632 in the U.S.From the Hebrew Netanel (נְתַנְאֵל), meaning 'God has given,' from natan ('to give') + El ('GodZayd#633 in the U.S.From Arabic zayd (زيد), from the root z-y-d meaning 'to increase,' 'to grow,' or 'abundance.' ZRaul#634 in the U.S.Spanish and Portuguese form of Ralph/Raoul, from Old French Raoul, itself from Germanic Radulf Shane#636 in the U.S.Anglicized form of the Irish Seán, itself derived from the Old French Jehan and ultimately fromLeonard#637 in the U.S.From the Old High German Leonhard, composed of leo ('lion,' from Latin) + hard ('brave,' 'stronRonald#638 in the U.S.From the Old Norse name Rögnvaldr, composed of regin meaning counsel or decision and valdr meanJulio#641 in the U.S.Spanish form of Julius, from the Latin gens name Iulius, possibly derived from Greek Ioulos meaSamir#643 in the U.S.From Arabic samara meaning to entertain or to converse in the evening; also found in Sanskrit aChris#646 in the U.S.Short form of Christopher or Christian, from Greek Christophoros meaning Christ-bearer, or fromSam#647 in the U.S.Short form of Samuel, from Hebrew Shemu'el meaning heard by God or name of God, composed of shePhillip#651 in the U.S.From Greek Philippos, composed of philein meaning to love and hippos meaning horse; the name waWayne#655 in the U.S.From the Old English occupational surname waegn meaning wagon or cart, referring to a wagon makJaime#657 in the U.S.Spanish form of James and Jacob, ultimately from Hebrew Ya'aqov meaning supplanter or may God pMauricio#664 in the U.S.Spanish form of Maurice, from Latin Mauritius, from Maurus meaning a Moor or inhabitant of MaurAhmad#669 in the U.S.From Arabic Ahmad, the elative form of Hamid meaning praised, from the root h-m-d meaning to prBenicio#672 in the U.S.Spanish elaboration of Benito or Benedetto, from Latin Benedictus meaning blessed or well-spokeVincenzo#674 in the U.S.Italian form of Vincent, from Latin Vincentius, derived from vincere meaning to conquer or to wZaid#677 in the U.S.From Arabic zayd or ziyad meaning growth, abundance, or increase; Zayd ibn Harithah was a compaGerardo#678 in the U.S.Spanish form of Gerard, from Old High German Gerhard, composed of ger meaning spear and hard meTrevor#680 in the U.S.From the Welsh place name Trefor, composed of tref meaning homestead, town, or village and mawrShawn#682 in the U.S.Anglicized form of Seán, the Irish form of John, from Hebrew Yochanan meaning God is gracious oDereck#688 in the U.S.Ruler of the people; from Old High German Theodoric, combining theud (people) and ric (ruler)Donald#690 in the U.S.Ruler of the world; from Scottish Gaelic Domhnall, combining domhan (world) and all (rule, mighTomas#691 in the U.S.Twin; from Aramaic ta'oma, meaning twin, transmitted through Greek and Latin as ThomasMac#696 in the U.S.Son of; from Scottish Gaelic and Irish Mac, the prefix meaning 'son of' in Gaelic patronymic suMarvin#699 in the U.S.Sea fortress; from Welsh Merfyn or Old English Mærwine, combining mær (sea or great) and wine (Jayson#700 in the U.S.Healer; from Greek Iason, derived from iasthai (to heal), possibly also influenced by Hebrew YeKareem#702 in the U.S.From Arabic karīm (كريم), meaning 'generous,' 'noble,' or 'honorable'; also one of the 99 namesAhmed#703 in the U.S.From Arabic Ahmad (أحمد), the elative form of hamida (to praise), meaning 'most praiseworthy' oRobin#705 in the U.S.Medieval diminutive of Robert, from Old French Robin, itself from Old High German Hrodebert meaDennis#707 in the U.S.From the Medieval Latin Dionysius, derived from the Greek Dionysios, meaning 'follower of DionyJulien#709 in the U.S.French form of Julian, from the Latin Iulianus, a derivative of the Roman family name Julius, pAron#711 in the U.S.Variant spelling of Aaron, from the Hebrew Aharon (אַהֲרֹן), possibly meaning 'high mountain,' Nikolas#719 in the U.S.Variant spelling of Nicholas, from the Greek Nikolaos (Νικόλαος), a compound of nike (victory) Neithan#723 in the U.S.Variant spelling of Nathan, from the Hebrew Natan (נָתָן) meaning 'he gave' or 'God has given';Lee#727 in the U.S.From Old English leah meaning 'meadow,' 'clearing,' or 'woodland clearing'; one of the most comDustin#729 in the U.S.From the Old Norse name Thurston or the Old English surname Dustin, possibly from the Norse ThoMarcel#731 in the U.S.French form of Marcellus, from the Latin Marcellus, a diminutive of Marcus, from the Roman god Hugh#732 in the U.S.From the Old French Hugues, from Old High German Hugo or Hug, meaning 'heart,' 'mind,' or 'spirYousef#745 in the U.S.Arabic form of the Hebrew Yosef (יוֹסֵף), meaning 'God will add' or 'God increases'; from the HDouglas#807 in the U.S.Dark water or black stream; from the Scottish Gaelic Dubhghlas, composed of dubh meaning dark oAlberto#819 in the U.S.Italian and Spanish form of Albert, from the Old High German Adalbert, composed of adal (noble)Alfredo#820 in the U.S.Italian and Spanish form of Alfred, from the Old English Aelfred, composed of aelf (elf, supernIra#822 in the U.S.From the Hebrew ira, meaning 'watchful', 'awake', or 'full-grown'; a biblical name borne by oneNelson#825 in the U.S.English patronymic surname meaning 'son of Neil', where Neil derives from the Old Irish Niall, Bjorn#829 in the U.S.From the Old Norse bjorn meaning 'bear', one of the most common and ancient elements in Norse mIgnacio#830 in the U.S.Spanish form of Ignatius, from the Roman family name Egnatius, later associated by folk etymoloRoger#834 in the U.S.From the Old High German Hrodger or Old Norse Hrothi-geirr, composed of hrod (fame, renown) andAlvin#838 in the U.S.From the Old English Aethelfine or Aelfwine, composed of aelf (elf) or aethel (noble) and wine Alfred#840 in the U.S.From Old English Aelfred, composed of aelf (elf, a being associated with supernatural wisdom inBen#843 in the U.S.Short form of Benjamin (son of the right hand) or Benedict (blessed); also used as a standaloneConor#845 in the U.S.Irish Gaelic Conchobhar, from con (hound, wolf) and cobhar (desiring, loving), traditionally inDerrick#850 in the U.S.Dutch and English form of Theodoric, from Old High German Thiudorich, composed of thiud (peopleNeil#851 in the U.S.Anglicized form of the Irish Gaelic Niall, whose meaning is debated; most likely from an Old IrRamon#852 in the U.S.Spanish form of Raymond, from the Old High German Raginmund, composed of ragin (counsel, wise) Rex#859 in the U.S.From the Latin rex (king), the direct Latin word for a monarch; used as a given name evoking roLance#862 in the U.S.Short form of Lancelot (Old French/Germanic, meaning 'land' or 'territory'), or directly from tStanley#863 in the U.S.From the Old English place name Stanleah, composed of stan (stone) and leah (meadow, woodland cConner#864 in the U.S.Variant spelling of Connor, from the Irish Gaelic Conchobhar, composed of con (hound, wolf) andAlessio#867 in the U.S.Italian form of Alexios or Alexis, from the Greek alexein (to defend, to protect) and laos (peoCarlo#869 in the U.S.Italian form of Charles, from the Old High German Karl, meaning 'free man' or 'strong man'; theOrlando#873 in the U.S.Italian form of Roland, from Old High German Hruodland, composed of hruod (fame, glory) and lanJoey#877 in the U.S.Diminutive of Joseph, from Hebrew Yosef meaning He (God) will add or increase; used as an indepErnesto#878 in the U.S.Spanish and Italian form of Ernest, from Old High German Ernust meaning seriousness, vigor, or Reuben#889 in the U.S.From Hebrew Re'uven, meaning behold, a son — from re'u (behold, look) and ben (son); the name LAlistair#897 in the U.S.Scottish Gaelic form of Alexander, from Greek Alexandros, composed of alexein (to defend, proteLucien#899 in the U.S.French form of Lucianus, derived from Latin Lucius and ultimately from lux/lucis (light); meaniMarcello#900 in the U.S.Italian diminutive of Marcello, from Latin Marcellus, itself a diminutive of Marcus; Marcus conGuillermo#902 in the U.S.Spanish form of William, from Old High German Willahelm, composed of wil (will, desire, determiIssac#915 in the U.S.Alternate spelling of Isaac, from Hebrew Yitzchak meaning he will laugh or he laughs; referringDillon#930 in the U.S.Variant spelling of Dylan, from Welsh dy (great, large) and llanw (tide, sea); or from Irish GaMassimo#938 in the U.S.Italian form of Maximus, from Latin maximus meaning greatest or largest, a superlative of magnuKhalid#940 in the U.S.From Arabic khalid meaning eternal, immortal, or everlasting, from the root kh-l-d meaning to bEugene#943 in the U.S.From Greek Eugenios, composed of eu meaning good or well and genos meaning birth, race, or famiKenji#944 in the U.S.Japanese name commonly written with kanji meaning strong and healthy or wise and second son, thJon#951 in the U.S.Simplified spelling variant of John, from Hebrew Yochanan meaning Yahweh is gracious, one of thMitchell#954 in the U.S.Medieval English surname and given name, a variant of Michael from Hebrew Mikha'el meaning who Felipe#955 in the U.S.Spanish and Portuguese form of Philip, from Greek Philippos composed of philos meaning lover orGian#956 in the U.S.Italian short form of Giovanni, itself the Italian form of John, from Hebrew Yochanan meaning YAldo#960 in the U.S.Short form of Germanic names beginning with ald meaning old or noble, such as Aldous or Aldric,Shimon#963 in the U.S.Hebrew form of Simeon or Simon, from Hebrew Shim'on meaning he heard or God has heard, from theMathew#975 in the U.S.One-t spelling variant of Matthew, from Hebrew Mattityahu meaning gift of Yahweh, composed of mAlec#977 in the U.S.Short form of Alexander, from Greek Alexandros composed of alexein meaning to defend and aner (Anders#984 in the U.S.Scandinavian form of Andrew, from Greek Andreas, derived from aner (genitive andros) meaning maCurtis#985 in the U.S.From Old French curteis meaning courteous, polite, or well-bred, derived from curt meaning courJoan#987 in the U.S.Spanish masculine form of John, from Hebrew Yochanan meaning Yahweh is gracious; in Spanish-speBlaine#992 in the U.S.From Scottish Gaelic Blaen or the personal name Blaan, possibly meaning yellow or possibly leanJoe#994 in the U.S.Short form of Joseph, from Hebrew Yosef meaning he will add or God will increase, expressed thrHoward#1004 in the U.S.High guardian or sheep herder; from Old Norse Hávarðr (hay guardian, yard guardian) or Old GermAllan#1013 in the U.S.Little rock; harmony; from Breton/Celtic Alan, possibly from ail (rock) or from a Breton tribalMaurice#1020 in the U.S.Dark-skinned; from Latin Mauritius (Moorish, of Mauritania), from Mauri (the North African peopRalph#1048 in the U.S.Wolf counsel; advice from the wolf; from Old Norse Ráðúlfr (ráð: counsel + úlfr: wolf)Gordon#1052 in the U.S.Great hill; spacious fort; from Scots Gaelic Gordan, from a Berwickshire place name, possibly fRonnie#1067 in the U.S.Ruler's counsel; wise ruler; an English pet form of Ronald, from Old Norse Rögnvaldr (regin: coBilly#1068 in the U.S.Resolute protector; English pet form of William, from Germanic Willahelm (wil: will, desire + hGary#1073 in the U.S.Spear ruler; from Germanic Garhard (gar: spear + hard: brave, hardy) or a short form of names cRodney#1093 in the U.S.Hroda's island; or island of reeds; from Old English Hroda + eg (island), a Somerset place nameTerry#1116 in the U.S.Power of the tribe; English form of the Germanic name Theodoric or a pet form of Terence, from Carl#1134 in the U.S.Free man; strong; from Germanic karl (free man, man, fellow) — the same root as Charles, CarlosDarren#1135 in the U.S.Great; or possibly from the Irish Gaelic Dara (oak) with the -en suffix; or an anglicization ofGianluca#1156 in the U.S.God is gracious and light — grace and illuminationJean#1172 in the U.S.God is gracious; French masculine form of John, from Hebrew Yohanan (Yahweh is gracious)Will#1195 in the U.S.Resolute protector, strong-willed guardGerald#1206 in the U.S.Spear ruler; from Germanic Gerwald (ger: spear + wald: ruler, to wield power)
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Frequently Asked
What are popular Classic baby names?
Popular Classic baby names include Nathanael, Gabrielle, Zayd, Raul, Shane, Leonard. Each page has the meaning, popularity, and an audio pronunciation.
How many Classic baby names are here?
More4Kids lists 1637 Classic baby names, each with a sourced meaning and audio pronunciation.