Hoʻoikaika a hoʻoikaika i nā keiki aniani ma ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻohana kūpaʻa

ʻO ke keʻena i hoʻomālamalama ʻia, ʻano maʻamau no nā lumi o ka haukapila; e moe ana ma kahi moe he keiki ʻōpio i kino kīnā no ke ola a loaʻa pinepine i ka haukapila. Pīhoihoi ka lumi me ka hana i kau ʻia ma luna o ke keiki ma kahi moe. Eia nō naʻe, e noho ana ma ke kihi he keiki ʻē aʻe, keʻa nā wāwae, mālie, heluhelu puke - akā ʻaʻole ʻōlelo i kahi huaʻōlelo - ke hoʻomau nei ke kamaʻilio ʻana ma waena o ke kauka a me nā mākua. 

He ʻokoʻa paha ke kūlana ʻelua; ʻO ke keiki e moe ana ma kahi moe, hoʻonoho hou ʻia, uhi ʻia, a mālama ʻia e kahi kaikaina. He hemolele ke kaikunāne - ʻoi aku ka makua ma mua o ko lākou mau makahiki, lokomaikaʻi a mālama i ko lākou kaikunāne maʻi a i ʻole kaikuahine: he mea mālama pono no nā mākua kaumaha nui o kahi keiki kīnā.

Ma ke ʻano he kahu hānai keiki, nānā pinepine au i nā kaikunāne o nā keiki kīnā ʻole a i ʻole maʻi mau. ʻO kēia kaikunāne - ke keiki olakino - ua kapa ʻia ʻo "The Glass Child."

Ma kēia mau hiʻohiʻona ʻelua a me nā hiʻohiʻona like, nānā nui nā mākua o nā keiki i kā lākou keiki pono kūikawā, akā ʻaʻole pinepine ka ʻike i ka pilikia o kā lākou keiki maʻamau a olakino paha. Ua aʻo ke keiki e noho mālie a nānā nui paha a me ke ʻano he keiki "maikaʻi" ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia i ko lākou mau mākua kaumaha a luhi, a nānā ʻole ʻia ke keiki.

E hana i ka wā e hiki mai ana no ke keiki

ʻAʻole nalowale nā ​​​​mea a pau; Hiki i kēia mau kaikunāne o kahi keiki kīnā ke ulu maʻamau a olakino - hiki ke pale ʻia ka hānai ʻana i kahi keiki palupalu. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i ka pilikia a me nā loli liʻiliʻi, akā nui naʻe e nā mākua, nā kauka lapaʻau, a me ke kaiāulu hiki ke hoʻololi i ke ola o kēia kaikaina. E like me kā lākou e ʻōlelo nei, "e lawe i kahi kauhale," a ua hana maoli ia i ke ola o kēia keiki a me ka ʻohana o kahi keiki kīnā! 

ʻAʻohe manaʻo ma ʻaneʻi e hoʻohewa, akā e hoʻolaha i kahi pilikia koʻikoʻi a hoʻoulu i ka manaʻolana i ke ola o kahi keiki. No ke kumu o kēia kūkākūkā ʻana, ua wehewehe ʻia nā "pono ​​kūikawā" e like me nā ʻano o ke keiki hilinaʻi e hoʻopau ʻole i ka manawa o ka makua: hiki i nā hihia ke kīnā ke keiki, maʻi maʻi mau, loaʻa i kahi maʻi noʻonoʻo, a i ʻole ka lāʻau. -keiki addicted. 

Hiki iā mākou ke hoʻololi i ke ola o kēlā me kēia keiki aniani. E lawe mua i ka hoʻololi ma o ka ʻike, a laila hana.

He aha ka Glass Child Syndrome?

ʻO Glass Child Syndrome, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka "sibling syndrome invisible," he maʻi noʻonoʻo e hiki ai i nā kaikaina nā mea nui, ke keiki kīnā a ma'i ma'i paha, ua ha'alele 'ia. Kapa ʻia lākou he "keiki aniani" no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i nā pono o ko lākou mau kaikunāne kīnā, e like me nā mea āpau a puni lākou, akā manaʻo lākou ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ko lākou pono ponoʻī e ko lākou mau mākua.

Ka ike o ke Keiki Aniani 

Ua hōʻike ʻia ka huaʻōlelo Glass Child i ka makahiki 2010 e Alicia Maples (ʻo Arenas ma mua) i kāna kamaʻilio TED, ʻoiai ʻo ia i wehewehe i ka ulu ʻana me kahi kaikunāne me Autism. Ua wehewehe ʻo ia i kahi ola ʻaʻole hiki i ka hapa nui o mākou ke noʻonoʻo. 

"Ua kapa ʻia mākou he 'keiki aniani,'" wehewehe ʻo Maples, "no ka mea, ua pau ko mākou mau mākua i nā pono o ko mākou mau kaikunāne a i ko lākou nānā ʻana mai iā mākou, nānā pono lākou iā mākou me he mea lā ua hana ʻia mākou i ke aniani."

Hōʻike kēia maʻi maʻi i ke ʻano o ka naʻau a me ka noʻonoʻo e ʻike ʻia e nā kaikaina o nā keiki kīnā. Hiki ke paʻakikī i kēia mau keiki ke hoʻokuʻikahi i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ko lākou mau kaikaina a me lākou iho, e alakaʻi ana i ka manaʻo hewa a i ʻole ke kūpono ʻole no ke keiki "maʻamau". 

E hewa pinepine nā kaikunāne no ka mea lakou He mea maʻamau, akā ʻaʻole hiki i ko lākou kaikaina maʻi, ke nīnau paha iā lākou iho, "No ke aha i hānau ʻia ai au maʻamau?" A laila, hoʻohui i ka paʻakikī, aia nā manaʻo o ka lawa ʻole ma muli o ka hoʻoikaika mau ʻana e lilo i keiki maikaʻi, maikaʻi, maikaʻi no ko lākou mau mākua - hiki paha i ka maikaʻi e hoʻoponopono i nā mea āpau - he pahuhopu hiki ʻole ke loaʻa. Hoʻonui lākou i ka ikaika a me ka manaʻo ma o ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ko lākou kaikaina ponoʻī. Hoʻohui pū ʻia kēia mau manaʻo noʻonoʻo maʻamau i ka hopena roller coaster no ke keiki.

Lawe mai ʻo TikTok i ka ʻike

ʻAʻole i hōʻike wale ʻia kēia hanana e Maples, akā e nā keiki he nui ʻē aʻe a me nā pākeke e haʻi i ka maikaʻi a me nā ʻike maikaʻi ʻole o ka ulu ʻana me kahi kaikunāne maʻi ma TikTok. 

Me ka ʻoi aku o 70 miliona mau manaʻo, hoʻomau ʻo TikTok i ka lawe ʻana i nā ʻike i ka laina mua e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke ola me kahi kaikunāne kīnā ma o ka #glasschild, #glasschildsyndrome, a me #wellchildsyndrome.

Ka heluna o na kaikunane: He Lehulehu ike ole ia 

He mea paʻakikī ke helu ʻana i ka nui o nā kaikaina o nā keiki kīnā e noho nei, akā kiʻekiʻe paha nā helu. Ua ʻōlelo ka World Health Organization he 1.3 biliona mau kānaka - a i ʻole 16% o ka heluna kanaka o ka honua. Hōʻike kēia helu iā mākou he nui paha nā kaikunāne o nā poʻe kīnā.

ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa

Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua manaʻo ʻia he 17% o nā keiki i loaʻa hoʻokahi a ʻoi aʻe paha ke kino kīnā, e hōʻike ana i ka nui o ka poʻe ʻōpio i loaʻa i kahi kaikunāne me ke kino kīnā a i ʻole ka maʻi maʻi. 

Haʻawina Autism United Kingdom

Wahi a kahi noiʻi e pili ana i nā keiki autistic e noho ana ma United Kingdom (UK), ma kahi o 1% o ka heluna kanaka i loaʻa i kahi maʻi autistic. Ke nānā ʻoe i nā ʻohana, pili ka maʻi autism ma kahi o 2.8 miliona mau kānaka ma UK.

Ke hōʻike nei kēia mau ʻikepili i ka heluna nui o nā kaikunāne o nā poʻe kīnā ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ʻike ʻia he mea koʻikoʻi ke kākoʻo ʻana a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i kēia mau "keiki aniani" no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i kahi kaiāulu ʻoi aʻe a me ke aloha. 

Nā ʻano o ke keiki aniani

ʻAʻole like me ka inoa, ʻaʻole palupalu kēia keiki e like me ke aniani. ʻIke ʻia lākou he mau kahu makua a kōkua, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kula a hana ma ke ʻano he keiki maikaʻi a maikaʻi. 

"E lawe nā keiki aniani i kēia mau kuleana mālama, a ma ke ʻano maoli, ʻaʻole mākou e loaʻa nā pilikia," wahi a Maples. “Pono mākou e hemolele. Ke nīnau mai kekahi iā mākou pehea mākou, ʻo ka pane mau: Ke hana maikaʻi nei au.

Hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā hopena o ka maʻi keiki aniani ke nānā pono ʻoe i kēia kaikaina. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao ikaika o waho e uhi pinepine i kahi keiki me nā manaʻo e hiki ke komo i ke kaumaha, ka hopohopo, ka paʻakikī i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā pilina, ka hewa no ka manaʻo lili i ka manaʻo i loaʻa i ko lākou kaikaina kīnā, a me ke kaumaha.

Ke ola me kahi kaikaina Autistic

Ua hōʻike ʻia ka haʻawina ma nā kaikunāne o nā keiki Autistic ua hōʻike ʻia ka liʻiliʻi o nā hana extracurricular ma ke kula, ma muli paha o ke kuleana o nā mea mālama i ka nui o nā kaikunāne, me ka manaʻo o ke kula haʻahaʻa a me ka manaʻo hoʻonaʻauao. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou i hōʻike i nā pōʻai hiamoe maikaʻi ʻole, nā kakahiaka maikaʻi ʻole, a me nā hana hana home pono ʻole ma muli o kahi haunaele; Hiki ke ala mai nā kūlana ʻē aʻe, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole o kahi kaikaina.

Ma hope o ke alo

Ma hope o ko lākou ʻano paʻa paʻa, ke kaumaha nei nā keiki aniani i nā paʻakikī i ʻōlelo ʻole ʻia, e hakakā ana me nā manaʻo he nui a me ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā hana paʻakikī i loko o ko lākou ʻohana. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i kā lākou mau hakakā a me ka hāʻawi ʻana iā lākou i ke kākoʻo a me ka ʻike e pono ai lākou e hoʻoikaika i kēia mau kaikunāne kupaianaha e ulu a ulu.

Ka ʻike ʻana i nā hōʻailona o ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā pilikia 

ʻAʻole nā ​​keiki a pau e hōʻike i kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​​​a nui ka poʻe e hana ikaika e uhi i ko lākou manaʻo, akā e like me ka American Academy of Pediatrics, hiki i kēia mau hōʻailona hōʻailona e hakakā nei kāu keiki:

· Pīhoihoi ke keiki.

· Me he mea lā ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia lākou. 

· Ke hōʻike pinepine nei kāu keiki i ka huhū.

· Me he mea lā e nalowale ana ka hoihoi o ke keiki i nā hoaaloha a i ʻole nā ​​hana a lākou i hauʻoli ai.

· ʻAʻole maikaʻi ke keiki ma ke kula.

· Ke koi ikaika nei ke keiki e hana maikaʻi.

· Ke hana kipi nei kāu keiki.

· Ke "hana" nei kāu keiki i mea e nānā ai nā mākua.

E makaʻala ʻaʻole maikaʻi nā ʻano a pau; he mau hōʻailona kēia e pono ai ke hana e kōkua i kāu keiki. 

Nā hopena maikaʻi o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kaikaina kīnā

Ua hōʻike pū ʻia nā haʻawina e hiki i ke keiki me kahi kaikunāne koʻikoʻi ke hoʻonui i ka manaʻo noʻonoʻo - e hōʻike ana i ka hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ka manaʻo o ka poʻe ʻē aʻe i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kēlā mau keiki me ke kaikunāne pono ʻole. 

Hoʻololi i nā Ola: Hoʻomaikaʻi i kou ʻohana Dynamics

Makaʻu nā keiki he nui e hōʻike i ko lākou mau manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole a lilo i poʻe loea i ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ko lākou mau manaʻo i ʻole e hoʻokaumaha i ko lākou makua i koʻikoʻi. Manaʻo lākou he mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻokō ʻana i ko lākou mau pono a i ʻole he lua ia i ko lākou ʻohana. 

Hiki i kekahi mau keiki ke hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou iho, hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole. Ua wehewehe ʻo Maples i kahi manawa i kona wā kamaliʻi i kona noʻonoʻo nui ʻana i ka pepehi kanaka, akā ʻaʻohe mea i ʻike i ke kaumaha hohonu a me nā manaʻo suicidal i loaʻa iā ia.

He aha kāu e hana ai ma ke ʻano he makua e hoʻoikaika a hoʻomaikaʻi i kou ʻohana dynamics?

· ʻO ka mea nui e hiki i ka makua ke hana, ʻo ia ke kamaʻilio me kāna keiki olakino – pinepine. E hoʻomaopopo he lōʻihi paha ka manawa ma mua o ka haʻi ʻana o ke keiki i kona mau manaʻo hohonu.

· E hoʻomaopopo iā lākou hiki iā lākou ke kaʻana like i kēia mau manaʻo a he mau manaʻo a paʻakikī hoʻi kou i kekahi manawa.

· Hāʻawi i nā kaikunāne i ka ʻike kūpono i ka makahiki. He nui nā kaikunāne makua e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā huaʻōlelo lapaʻau i hoʻolei ʻia i ko lākou noho ʻana ma ka ʻaoʻao o kahi moe a i ʻole i nā koho no ko lākou mau kaikunāne a ʻaʻole lākou i maopopo maoli i ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia.

· E kamaʻilio me kāu keiki e pili ana i nā mea e hana nei ma nā ʻōlelo hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaopopo.

· E wehe i nā kūkākūkā ʻohana e pili ana i ka maʻi a me kona hopena i ka ʻohana.

· E ʻimi i ka ʻike lapaʻau kūpono i ka makahiki e pili ana i nā maʻi o ko lākou kaikaina.

· E hoʻomanaʻo e hiki i kēia kaikunāne ke ola ma mua o ʻoe a lilo i kahu mālama - no laila e hoʻokomo iā lākou i ka hoʻolālā ʻohana.

· E kōkua i kāu keiki e ʻimi i ke kākoʻo a me ka mālama ʻana iā lākou. 

· E huli i nā pūnaewele kākoʻo no ke keiki me nā poʻe i nā kūlana like.      

               o Hiki i ka Siblings Network ke kumu waiwai nui.

               o Nā hoomoana no nā kaikaina

               o Hāʻawi ʻo Charlie Health i kahi papahana maʻi maʻi waho no nā keiki.

· E hōʻike iā lākou i kou aloha ʻole iā lākou - ʻaʻole wale no kā lākou kōkua me ko lākou kaikaina, akā no lākou iho.

· Hāʻawi iā lākou i ka manawa a me ka manawa e ʻimi ai i ko lākou mau makemake, e hoʻomohala i kahi ʻike maikaʻi, a e hoʻokō i nā pahuhopu pilikino ma waho o ka maʻi o kekahi keiki.

· E lawe mai i ka ʻohana lōʻihi, nā hoalauna, a i ʻole nā ​​hoaaloha e kōkua i ka pūnaewele kākoʻo o kāu keiki – e hoʻomanaʻo, pono ke kauhale.

· Mai makaʻu i ka loaʻa ʻana o kāu keiki i ka ʻōlelo aʻo a i ʻole ka mālama ola kino - pono lākou i kahi puka.

· E hoʻomau i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana iā ʻoe iho i nā kaikunāne o nā pilikia o nā keiki kīnā. Hiki ke hoʻololi i ka ʻike o kēia pilikia.

ʻO ka pahuhopu nui, ʻo ia ka hoʻopuni ʻana i kāu keiki me ke kākoʻo e pono ai, kōkua iā ia e ʻimi i kahi palekana e hōʻike ai i ko lākou mau manaʻo, a aloha iā ia me ke ʻano kumu ʻole i hiki iā ia ke aʻo i ke kū ʻana i ka maʻi a ulu aʻe i mau mākua olakino. 

No ka Lapaʻau Lapaʻau: E hoʻomaikaʻi i kou mau mākaukau ma kahi moe

E makaʻala i kēia maʻi, a i ka loiloi ʻana a i ʻole ka hana ʻana me kahi keiki kīnā a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi maʻi mau, e nīnau e pili ana i ka dynamics ʻohana. 

· Aia kekahi mau keiki ʻē aʻe? 

· Aia kekahi pilikia olakino? 

· Pehea lākou e mālama ai i nā kuleana makua keu? 

· Pehea ke keiki kīnā ʻole?

I loko o ka lumi, inā he kaikunāne, e hoʻokaʻawale i ka manawa e aʻo ai i ko lākou inoa a wehewehe i ke kūlana olakino ma nā ʻōlelo i hiki i kēlā keiki ke hoʻomaopopo. E hana i kāu hana me kēia ʻohana he ala hui a hoʻokomo i ka mea hana kaiaulu. E nānā i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻohana inā pono. 

No ke Kaiāulu: Pono kahi kauhale

E makaʻala aia paha he mau ʻohana me nā keiki kīnā ma kou kaiāulu a i ʻole ma ke kula o kāu keiki. E nānā i ka dynamics ʻohana - aia kekahi makua kaumaha? E kākoʻo iā lākou ma ka ʻike ʻana pehea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke kōkua. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kaʻa i kā lākou keiki olakino i nā hana kula, lawe mai i meaʻai, a i ʻole manawaleʻa no nā pono ʻohana ʻē aʻe? 

Nā manaʻo hāʻule

Hōʻike ka Glass Child Syndrome i ka hakakā pinepine ʻole o nā kaikunāne me nā kaikunāne maʻi kīnā ʻole a maʻi ʻole paha. ʻO kēia mau keiki, ʻoiai he makua a kōkua, hiki ke manaʻo i ka mālama ʻole ʻia i ka nānā ʻana o ko lākou mau mākua i nā pono o ko lākou kaikaina ponoʻī. 

Pono ka ʻike, kamaʻilio ākea, a me ke kākoʻo e hoʻoponopono i ko lākou mau manaʻo. makua pono e komo i nā kamaʻilio maʻamau, e hāʻawi i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka makahiki, a e hoʻokomo i kā lākou keiki olakino i ka hoʻolālā ʻohana. 

ʻOihana loea pono e noʻonoʻo i ka dynamics ʻohana a hoʻokomo i nā kaikaina i nā kūkākūkā. Ma ke ano he kaiaulu, hiki iā mākou ke hāʻawi i ke kākoʻo, ʻike i nā hōʻailona o ka pilikia, a kākoʻo no kēia mau ʻohana. Hiki iā mākou ke hana i kahi kaiapuni aloha a hoʻohui i kahi keiki aniani i ʻike ʻole ʻia a lohe ʻole ʻia.

ʻO ka hope loa, he mea koʻikoʻi e hoʻomanaʻo pono i kēlā me kēia keiki ke ʻike ʻia, lohe ʻia a kākoʻo ʻia, me ka nānā ʻole i ko lākou kūlana olakino. Ma ka hana pū ʻana a me ka hana ʻana, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻololi maikaʻi a hōʻoia i ka manaʻo ʻole o ke keiki aniani i ʻike ʻole ʻia a mālama ʻole ʻia. E hoʻoikaika kākou no ka wā e hiki mai ana e ulu ai kēlā me kēia keiki a ʻaʻohe kaikaina i koe.

Nā FAQ

Nā Hana i hōʻikeʻia

Barrand, R. (2023, Ianuali 9). He aha ke keiki aniani? Ua wehewehe ʻia ka manaʻo - me nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi keiki waena a me nā ʻano keiki muli loa. Kiʻi ʻia mai ka National World: https://www.nationalworld.com/lifestyle/family-and-parenting/glass-child-middle-child-syndrome-youngest-child-traits-3980081

CDC. (2022, Mei 16). Ka hana a CDC ma nā kino kīnā. Kiʻi ʻia mai nā Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/developmentaldisabilities/about.html

Deavin, A., Greasley, P., Dixon, C; Nā Manaʻo o nā keiki no ka noho ʻana me ke kaikaina me ka maʻi maʻi. Nā Pediatrics ʻAukake 2018; 142 (2): e20174151. 10.1542/peds.2017-4151 https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/142/2/e20174151/37553/Children-s-Perspectives-on-Living-With-a-Sibling?autologincheck=redirected

duRivage-Jacobs, S., & Gasparini, D. (2023, Pepeluali 24). He aha ka Glass Syndrome? Ua kiʻi ʻia mai Charlie Health: https://www.charliehealth.com/post/what-is-glass-child-syndrome

Hanvey, I., Malovic, A., & Ntontis, E. (2022). Nā keiki aniani: ʻO nā ʻike ola o nā kaikaina o ka poʻe me ke kino kīnā a i ʻole ka maʻi maʻi mau. Nūpepa o ka Community & Applied Social Psychology, 32(5), 936-948. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0891422222001536?via%3Dihub

Hastings, G, & Kovshoff, H. (2020). ʻO ka manaʻo noʻonoʻo a me ka manaʻo o ke kula o nā kaikaina o nā keiki autistic. Noiʻi i loko o ke kino kīnā, 96, 103519.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0891422219301866?via%3Dihub

Ignace PR Vermaes, Ph.D. a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, Psychological Functioning of Siblings in Family of Children with Chronic Health Conditions: A Meta-Analysis, Journal of Pediatric Psychology, Volume 37, Issue 2, March 2012, Pages 166–184, https://academic.oup.com/jpepsy/article/37/2/166/1746321?login=false#25702844

ʻO Julie. (2023). Ka Ulu ana i ke keiki aniani. Kiʻi ʻia mai nā keiki kūikawā: https://specialkids.co.za/home/siblings/item/700-growing-up-a-glass-child.html

Nebeker, G. (2021, Iune 1). Nā Keiki Glass: ʻO nā kaikunāne i nānā ʻole ʻia o ka poʻe a mākou e mālama ai. Kiʻi ʻia mai Integrated Care News e CFHA: https://www.integratedcarenews.com/2021/glass-children-the-overlooked-siblings-of-the-people-we-treat/

Pavlopoulou, G., Burns, C., Cleghorn, R., Skyrla, T., & Avnon, J. (2022). "Pono wau e wehewehe pinepine i nā limahana kula i kāna mea e pono ai." Nā ʻike kula o nā kaikunāne non-autistic e ulu ana me kahi kaikunāne autistic. Noiʻi i loko o ke kino kīnā, 129, 104323. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0891422222001536)

Kaikunāne o nā keiki me nā maʻi a i ʻole ke kino kīnā. (2015, Nowemapa 21). Ua kiʻi ʻia mai ka American Academy of Pediatrics: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/chronic/Pages/Siblings-of-Children-with-Chronic-Ilnesses.aspx

ʻO ka Arc. (2018, ʻApelila 17). Pehea e hiki ai iā mākou ke kōkua i nā keiki aniani. Kiʻi ʻia mai The Arc: https://arcmonroe.org/glass-children-siblings-disabilities/

WHO. (2022). Hōʻike honua e pili ana i ke kaulike olakino no ka poʻe me ke kino kīnā. Loaʻa ʻia mai ka World Health Organization (WHO): https://www.who.int/teams/noncommunicable-diseases/sensory-functions-disability-and-rehabilitation/global-report-on-health-equity-for-persons-with-disabilities

Wolff, B., Magiati, I., Roberts, R. et al. Nā Pūʻulu Manaʻo Psychosocial a me nā Pūʻulu Kākoʻo no nā kaikaina o nā poʻe me nā kūlana Neurodevelopmental: He ʻano hui like ʻole Systematic Review of Sibling Self-reported Mental Health and Wellbeing Outcomes. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 26, 143–189 (2023). https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10567-022-00413-4